Sources
Every third-party statistic used in this thesis, with the organization, publication date, geography and our confidence in it.
Bond Loyalty Report 2026
Canadians are rethinking loyalty as everyday rewards take priority
Canadians average 15 loyalty programs; 28% redeem once a year or less; $13–15B unredeemed
Canada · Published 2026-05-19 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence medium
Canadian Affairs
Do you know who owns your dental clinic?
DSO share at least 6%; dentalcorp ~550 practices — secondary source
Canada · Published 2025-02-28 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence low
Canadian Association of Optometrists
Optometry in Canada Report 2025
Optometrists Canada 6,313; Ontario 3,993
Canada / Ontario · Published 2024-12-31 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence medium
Canadian Dental Association
Licensed dentists Canada ~25,500
Canada · Published 2022-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence medium
CASLPO
Audiologists Ontario 933
Ontario · Published 2023-09-30 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
CIHI
Physiotherapists Canada 30,776 licensed
Canada · Published 2024-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
CIHI
Total health spending $399B; 12.7% of GDP
Canada · Published 2025-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
CMTO
RMTs Ontario 16,186
Ontario · Published 2024-12-31 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
College of Chiropodists of Ontario
Chiropodists/podiatrists Ontario 843
Ontario · Published 2025-12-31 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
College of Chiropractors of Ontario
Chiropractors Ontario 5,392
Ontario · Published 2023-12-31 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
College of Physiotherapists of Ontario
Physiotherapists Ontario 11,484
Ontario · Published 2023-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
Fitness Industry Council of Canada
Fitness businesses Canada >6,000; >6M members
Canada · Published 2024-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence medium
IBISWorld
Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in Canada — number of businesses
Gym/fitness businesses Canada 9,710
Canada · Published 2026-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence low
ISED
Canadian Industry Statistics — NAICS 6212, Canadian Business Counts
Dental establishments Canada 33,287 total / 17,857 employer; Ontario 14,623 / 7,872
Canada / Ontario · Published 2025-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
ISED
Canadian Industry Statistics — NAICS 6213
Other health practitioner offices Canada 96,382 / 23,814 employer; Ontario 40,470 / 10,205
Canada / Ontario · Published 2025-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
ISED
Financial Performance Data — NAICS 6212
Avg revenue per dental-office SME $769.1K; 92.7% profitable
Canada · Published 2024-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
RCDSO
Registered dentists Ontario 11,313
Ontario · Published 2024-12-31 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
Statista (citing CIHI/StatCan)
Dental service expenditures in Canada
Dental services expenditure ~$23.5B — secondary source, verify
Canada · Published 2025-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence medium
Statistics Canada
Canada has 41 census metropolitan areas; Toronto CMA population flat to July 1, 2025
Canada · Published 2026-01-14 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
Statistics Canada via City of Toronto
2021 Census Backgrounder — Population and Dwellings
Toronto CMA 6,202,225; City of Toronto 2,794,356; Mississauga 717,961; Brampton 656,480; Vaughan 323,103; Oakville 213,759; Burlington 186,948; Milton 132,979; Hamilton 569,353
GTA · Published 2021-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
Statistics Canada via Niagara Knowledge Exchange
2021 Census Profile — Niagara Regional Municipality
Niagara Region 477,941
Niagara · Published 2021-01-01 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high
Xcare platform
Client Report — trailing 18 months
Definitions: Acquisition = PMS-confirmed attended new patient. Revenue = PMS production from those attended patients. Budget Spent = the clinic's spend with Xcare over the window (24 clinics on the Growth model, 5 on a managed fixed-budget model; definition to be reconciled by tier, DR-03). Leads = captured requests (calls, forms, messages) before attendance. 42 clinics listed; 29 had spend and activity; 13 new/yet-to-start or withdrawn and excluded from all ratios.
GTA and Southwestern Ontario · Published 2026-09-16 · Accessed 2026-09-16 · Confidence high